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HMC703LP4E
v02.0813
8 GHz fractional syntHesizer
For price, delivery and to place orders: Hittite Microwave Corporation, 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824
978-250-3343 978-250-3373 fax Order On-line at www.hittite.com
Application Support: pll@hittite.com
24
gcd
, and
2
gcd
mod
0, where
gcd(
,
)
/
channels
PD
channels
vco
vco PD
f
ff
N
ff
N
÷
<
==
=
(eQ 9)
Where:
fPD = frequency of the Phase Detector
fVCO is the desired output frequency
fN , fN+1 are integer multiples of the Phase Detector
fgcd stands for Greatest Common Divisor
eg.
fgcd (4000.200MHz, 50MHz)
= 200kHz
therefore Nchannels = 50 MHz/200 kHz = 250
fVCOn are other VCO frequencies we can exactly tune to, given this fgcd spacing
Figure 30. Exact Frequency Tuning
In the previous paragraph, it was assumed that a single frequency was to be achieved with zero error. Exact frequency
mode also applies to cases where many exact frequencies are required, all of which fit on a particular channel spacing.
Example: To achieve exactly 50 kHz channel steps with a 61.44 MHz reference, calculate fgcd and Nchannels:
fPD = 61.44 MHz
fstep = 50 kHz
fgcd (61.44 MHz, 50 kHz)
Using the Euclidean algorithm to find the greatest common denominator:
61.440 MHz = 50 kHz x 1228 + 50 kHz
50 kHz = 40 kHz x 1 + 10 kHz
40 kHz = 10 kHz x 4 + 0 (0 remainder, algorithm complete)
fgcd (61.44 MHz, 50 kHz) = 10 kHz
Nchannels = 61.44 MHz / 10 kHz = 6144
For improved spectral performance (to keep spurs low and further out of band), it is best to keep fgcd as high as pos-
sible (Nchannels as low possible) for a given application.
Using Hittite exact frequency Mode
To use Exact Frequency Mode, we recommend the following procedure:
1.
Calculate the required fgcd as either gcd(fVCO, fPD) or gcd(fPD, fstep) depending on your application
2.
Calculate the number of channels per integer boundary, Nchannels= fPD / fgcd and program into Reg 0Dh 3.
set the modulator mode to Exact Frequency (sD_MODE in
Reg 06h[7:5] = 2)